     !      .
,    -        "-
"      .    ,    "-
"      -        15 .
,  -           .
    ,     .   
  ,  " " -  20-,    19- ,  -
   -     "" 2   ( -
   5     ,   
 ),         -
,   . ,  -   .   
 ,      ,    -
 ,    ,   .   ,
   ,     1     .  
   ,        (    
,   ,      ),     
 2    ,   .   "". - - Besten Dank
fur Blumen, Herr V.Leontjev!   .,      ""
1.4096  2. 8910 3.  HARDWARE-   . -
,    " 4096 "  " ",    -
 (    ,   ). ,   " -
  ".  ,   DANDY    -   
MCGA (320*200,256 ),       
 .  ,     "" 8910/12  
", ,  ".   ,   "" -
  ,    ""   . 
      .      -
 . :   -     .  ,   (.-
),    - 5  ""   "".
 ,  . - " "     "-
    ".  -...  -  
? -,         ,
     -  .   -
  ,       
      .     ( )    
,     -    -  
( 2 ,   1   IBM).    
  , ""     . -. 
    "",     .   -
     ,   ,  4-  -
 (. 4     ,  16 ),      -
      "".  -
    3  , . 3-  
    .    8     -  
"",    .      -
,       ,       8- . 
      ?      3   
,  ""  -     , 
"" 12*3=36 (       ).  -
 . ,   .     
3-  . !    .    , -
 Z80-CARD,   3,5  5 ,  .        
  " ,   "      
  .   ?     1   ?
  4-   -    .    3- .
,  ,  ,  . ""    .
.   ,      , . 8 .    -
 ""  ,   -      
   8    .       -
.   ,   8-      4096,    
  DANDY,     .      -
-.        
 ,     COMMODOR- .  ,   DANDY 
- ,   COMMODORE-64, 1982  .  
 12   :  -  6510  (   ,  
6502),  -  1 ,   64  ( 1  
),  - 16,   6581 (3 ,   8912), -
   320*200,     160*200,    
 120   (1*40),    -   .    
""    ,          4 .. 
 COMMODORE-64       8-  
( APPLE-II  5 , MSX - 2 ) -   10 . . 
 ,        -    -
 .  COMMODORE-64       (  120$,   
 50$). ,   - ( 1982).    COMMODORE
- ""    ,   
    -        
.      ,        
   (      -
 ).           11:
   ""  ,         
.   ,       -  -
  ,  5 .    ,   5   
          2    .
     ""  2  ,    
 2   ".-"      ,   -
  .      ,   11/16     
 -  ""      (4   11).  ,  -
   ""  8*4     2   
"".      -    " " ( -
,   / .   )        
    .   2      
         .     
   -      .   -
 SVGA/486  50    ""   ,  11.
     (   )      
    "  ".  ,      
 "" - ,   .     
   "" (  )    48  .  
    -     ,   
  .       , 
      .     
   .    -    100  
 ,   -.  ,         
,    .     .  Z80,   
 1*16       -   . 
     .     100   Spect-
ruma,      ....   ,    100  -
 ,      .    -
     .   -
 ,  .         .  , -
          
       ""  .  
  3-  .   -  .        
.  "" 2,5    Z80.      "" 
Z80    16.    ,       3- -
  .      ,     . -
    .   ,    -
    8- ,         . ,
  .        
-     ,      . -
 ,  .    .   ,   
  -  . ,     -      
,        .     -
    .  ,      -
 CP/M.             
   .        , -
    ,          .    
    .        8  ?   
 8-  -   .      Z80,
   . ,      . ""
   "-"        - 
   ,-        .
 ,        -  ,  .  
 .           8
,   .          -
 Z80,  FB,    .    ,  
   1*16,       . 
 55511        (ELITE),    
 .     1*16   
 ,      .   -
  1*16   ,     "-
"  -   NMI-. ,    "-
"   -  3-4 .   ,       
   -3 .   4       100
   50  ZX-Spectrum,    ""  -
.    ,    -       
    8-  (       ).
      16 - . ,  
.   D7  FB  0    . ,      
  ,    ,   
 .         D5    D4  (EXTENDED
MEMORY  NMI ENABLE)          
 Z80-CARD.         .
    10  ZX-Spectrum,         
1*16 .     ,      ,    .
 FC     -   SUPER-3  D7    -
 . ,     .    
 " ,         -
".    -,   (    )
  ,     .     ,  "-
       ,  HELP".   
    . ,        -
 .     ,      (  
  )    ,     1840. 
  HELP   ,    - .   .
        ,     
"Bridge-Panel",    CP/M. ,      
   .  "BP.COM"  3  ,   -
  .    ,      
      .    , 
"80    80    ,    
". -     80 ,         
IBM PC?   ,  BATTY  KRAKOUT.     
 . ,        
  /-.   CP/M    - , 
   ,       -
   CP/M. " "  TPA CP/M -     -
-,     "",      CP/M - .
 "" -    ,  - ""
   ,     .     .-
 .    ,    -
   "-"     .   -
  ,    ""   ....   ---!
  !  AY-8912.     .  ...
 .    2  .  .      -
,   8912   F760. -    "", ,  
   ""   .       "-
" 8912.     ""   ,     
   -  3-  .       
 8912  .         
,  ,   ...   -     
: BFFD - , FFFD -  .     (
 ),   8912  F760 - .  ,   
       -  .   ,   .
  8912 - .  ,   .  -
,     ... .  1  - 5557    
(     8910).   ,        
""    .  ,     
    ( .  ,   ,
 8912     F760   ...) -      
   8912 ,     .      -
 .        ,  
 8912  .      ""   8912 
 ,      ""   F760.   -
 PC-KEYBOARD -   "" ( --2). 
        .  -  
 -      ,  (  
-  .).        . -
,   "        ".
-  .   , -     
""         4*16.  
      .        ,  
,    ,  .   ,   "   -
 - ,    ,       .
":,          (  -
,         ""     -
). ,      ,     -
    . ,   ,    ,  
,   ,    "" ,  ,  -
   .    ,  
   ,       1   -
  .      - 90% "" -
   -.     - .  
       
-   .       - ,  
  .          "" - 
         . 
 ,  .  100  ,   ,  .
 ( )     . ,   -
,  ""    ,    .   
 "",   ,    (   )  
.  , .       ,
 ,      .     
  (  ),        
   ,          (
 ).  ,       . 512  CP/M
"-" -    ,    . 
 ,     .    (  
,      ).    ,     
  "   ,    ",    -
    ,   "   ,  
    " - .         
   -.       ,
     -     -
   .         .-
   . ,  -      -
   ,       ,     
 "   ",   "  - ".  
   ,   ,   ,    " 
  "      -    -
 "".          , 
         ,
   .           
 ,   .  . (.   
        ).      
   -            -
.       -    .    
 . ,     .   -
 ,  " "   .   1 -
   ,   ,    10   1.
 . -        CP/M-,  
.     -.      - -
    ,   .   -
          (  80-100$ 
     ),       -
  CERBERUS.COM.       COM-  -
    .       -


,          , ... -
  ,     -   ,
  .         ,    
   -        -     
 -      .     ,
 ""  ? ,      -
.    .   : "" -  
,   " "!          
  ,  .    . -    
   IBM PC (   - , 
 ).     ""    ,  
-     .   ,   
 .         - , -
  ""     35- ,   
"!       . 
 ,   -  ...".     -128
  .     1992 . .   -, -
         ..  -
   ""   /   .    .
 ,  "   , .   
  ,     ,      Z80-CARD-N 
   ". -      .  -
-   ,     (   )    
  .      ,     
" "  .  ,      
. Z80-CARD-II  -    ,     1991 .
 ?   -     32  16.   ?
  ?  ?   -    .   
    .       . , 
      :       
      1991 .  ,  Z80-CARD-I   
     .       .   
,   .        ,  
     ""  Z80,  10 ,      .
Z80-CARD-II -   Z80-CARD-I  ,    -
.   Z80,   FB,   50      16. ,
       ,      .
    ,     CP/M.     
       . - .   
,  .        WM.
 -    -8     .   
1991 . .  .  -8    ,   -
 . .       WM8.COM   -.
       .        
,    .      CP/M  . 
          .  
  .   5       . ,  
,      "",      
CP/M  .      , -   . 
 ,      ...       
 ,   .  1992 .    .   
 ? - ,  -  .    ?
     -     1992      1993 
   10 ,   1993    "".  -
           -
     6000       .-
 ( 15000 ).   ,       ,   
 "" ,  CP/M... ,  , -  ,   -
,   .       
 ,    ,  ,    , 
  .   "-" ,    
""   ,      . ,    -
      ...    -
 ,  .   ,   "    
",    .    .   -
 - ,       ...    ,  
				    - 5 -



 ,       .       !  
""  . ,    - 
      .  -   -
 ,  ,      ,    
3 ?   ,    ,       -
     ,    (  -
 ,   ).   ,     -
   (  )      -  
,   .       
,   .         -
    ,        ?    
,       ,   .-
. .         ""  
.    .       
  -  ",    (  ""  -
      ),   -
          -
 .      1991 . . ,  
  ,   ,   .    -
 ,     -  .   -
       2 ,     
.,     .  -    
  ,     1990 ,   -
   1994. ,  --   -
,    , -  1994 ,     -
  ,    CP/M-  WINDOWS - .   
          4  .   
    .,    "-"    -
 . ,     300   
 ,           FB
  50   " ".    ,  "-"
   - .   .   , 
 .      ,    -
    .   ,   - . 
     -    .    
 ,      .   NEXT  
 ,    .  -     , 
    .   ""   .  
  :       "". 
  "", .    -    
"".  ,   2  :   "-
".      - . 
 .,  -       (   
., ., RTTY, -, .  ).  ,
           
        (
       ) -    
  "-120".    -    ()
 -.      -   20 -
 "",   5  (.  )  ...   
 -     .      -
 -    ,   -    -
 (7  6 )     .   -
       ,...  
 WINDOWS  . WINDOWS  200  -
      5 .         -
,    -.        ,
   (4   384*256).        -
     DEC-   (8*8),  
     .   ,     -
.      .     -  , 
    (  ).  
        ,  -  
 -  5-6 ,    
CP/M-BIOS  ...     ,  ,  .
   50-60  ,       .  
				    - 6 -

  -   .  ,  ,   , 
  ...    .      -
. ,   ,        (
,    ,     ).    -
,    ,   .     .   400
  ,    300   2 .  
,   - ""    600-700  
    . ,         .
   PENX.COM. ,    ,      
  ,     - "  ".   
    ,       ADELAIDE -  
  .   -  . 
   ,    (    
-   ,       ,  -
 ).       2       ( 
 ) -     ?  !     -
 .  ...       
. ,      (    ) -  
 ,  21.00 MSK.    ,     
   30 ,       ,    
 ...    " "   -
 HELP-. ,       ""  -
,     -        -
       -.     ,  20-40
  "  "  (     ,  
     ,         
  ) -    .     
5-10     ,      
"".      "-"  ...
 Z80      ! ,  .,
      -   , ,  
  ,      .  ,  -
   -          10 .
.  ,      ., 
  ,    .     ,   
 200       .    . 
   .  ,   -   6 ..   
  IBM PC,    ""  50- .      
  .      7$,    ,  
 ,   "" ...  -  7$     
 .   7$   ,    -
     . -  1$     -    
300     120   (  400  )
    " "     
   .  ,   ,  , 
    .      , 
 .   " ".   . . ..
				    - 7 -
   (   
., ., RTTY, -, . 