
                  Z80

                   3.1. 

       Z80    
  -  "".       
  "Zilog" (,) ,  ,
               ,
      .     -   ""
    Z80A,      
'Zilog".
         ,      Z80  
      .  -   
  ,   -  .    
            
    ,       
.

          3.2.    Z80

     Z80              40
,   1  40.  . 3.1. 
   Z80,    
  .    (,
   , ).
       11  -   .   
  +5 .
      29 -  .
      6 -   .    -  ""
       3,5 ,  
     0,000000286 .
      7-10  12-15 -        
,     " "   
 .
      1-5  30-40 -        
  ,         
   .
            ,
    .
       21  -    (RD).   
      .
      22 -   (WR).      
             
.
      19 -       (MREQ).    
                  
   .
.
                           - 46 -
              -----------        ------------
                        '......'           
  A11    - 1 -                             - 40-    A10
                                           
  A12    - 2 -                             - 39-    A9
                                           
  A13    - 3 -                             - 38-    A8
                                           
  A14    - 4 -                             - 37-    A7
                                           
  A15    - 5 -                             - 36-    A6
                                           
  Clock  - 6 -                             - 35-    A5
                                           
  D4     - 7 -                             - 34-    A4
                                           
  D3     - 8 -                             - 33-    A3
                                           
  D5     - 9 -                             - 32-    A2
                                           
  D6     -10 -                             - 31-    A1
                                           
  +5v.   -11 -                             - 30-    A0
                                           
  D2     -12 -                             - 29-    GND
                                           
  D7     -13 -                             - 28-    RFSH
                                           
  D0     -14 -                             - 27-    MI
                                           
  D1     -15 -                             - 26-    RESET
                                           
  INT    -16 -                             - 25-    BUFNO
                                           
  NMI    -17 -                             - 24-    WAIT
                                           
  HALT   -18 -                             - 23-    BUSAK
                                           
  MREQ   -19 -                             - 22-    WR
                                           
  IORQ   -20 -                             - 21-    RD
                                           
              -------------------------------




        . 3.1. 40   Z80:
A0-A15 - 16   ; D0-D7 - 8   -
.
.
                           - 47 -
      27 -        (MI).    
  ;            
           
.
                
         - MI, MREQ  RD,
        (  
)         - MREQ  RD. 
    -  ""    1,14    (4
   ).
      20 -  - (IORQ).   -
     IN  OUT.   18 -
  (HALT).      
      - HALT.
        25   -               (BUSRQ).
    Z80            
          
  .      
       .
      23 -     (BUSAK). -
   , 
       .
          
.
       26 -   (RESET).   
  ;    
    .      
 GND  RESET,  ""  
- ""   .
      24 -     (WAIT).    
           
       ;  
""  ,   .
       17  -     (NMI). 
              
   ,    ,
              
,          . 
-  ""         
    ,   
   23728 .
       16  -        (INT).  
-  ""        
      .
 ,        
  ,      0,02    
    ,         
     ,  
 ,          
             
.
.
                           - 48 -
       Z80    
     .
     
        3.3.   

          Z80  
,  ,    ,     
 . :   ,  
,     #1), 24   
-  ().
        Z80    .
3.2.
        .

              

                 
"  ".  
,  ,    (
),    Z80,   
  (  ),    
,       
.
             Z80        
         
,      ,
    ,      
 RD, WR, MREQ  ..
       ,      , 
    ,      
    ,        , 
   .  Z80 
         ,  
            -    ,
   .

                 
 
      ""    
  Z80.  -   , 
   8   .    
Z80        ,     
             
          
.
                 
,          
      .      
      Z80   , 
          .
-------------
#1) -  -   ("the program counter");
,       
 " " (. .)
.
                           - 49 -
               ----------     -----------
                        '...'          
                                       
            --   --------------------   --
                 3                     
                      CONTROL          
                       UNIT            
                --------------------     
  1                                             8
                --------------------     
8 line           4                         CONTROL
DATA      <         INSTRUCTION          >
BUS                  REGISTER              SIGNALS
                --------------------     
                                         
                --------------------     
                 5                     
                     PROGRAM           
                     COUNTER           
            --   --------------------   --
                                       
            --   --------------------   ---   +5v
                 6                  
  2                    USER          --- 9  GND
                     REGISTER       
16 line         --------------------   --- 10 CLOCK
ADDRESS   <                            
BUS             --------------------  
                 7                  
                    ARITHMETIC      
                    LOGIC UNIT      
            --   --------------------  
                                       
               --------------------------






      . 3.2.    Z80:

1  -  8      ;  2 - 16   ; 3 -
 ; 4  -    ;  5  -  
;    6    -        ;    7    -
- ; 8 -  ; 9
- ; 10 -   .
.
                           - 50 -
          .   
,     ,     
   .

                   C 

         -        ,  
  .      
  16- .
                
  ,          ,
      ,   ,  
  -      ,  
     .
              
        ,
  ,      .
      .    
         
.
                 
    PPC      , 
    ,   
;           
  .

          ( )

          Z80    24  
.        ,   
  -   ,     
.
                
    .            ,   
 Z80        ,
    .      
   ,          
      .    ,    
    -          ,   
  .
          (8-),
    .  . 3.3. 
     24          Z80,
      12      .    
 .
        .

           A

            Z80.  
   "" - ,  
       .
       Z80     
   ,   
.
                           - 51 -
          1  Main set            2  Alternate set

    -----------------------   -----------------------
        A          F           A'         F'   
    -----------------------   -----------------------
      76543210   76543210       76543210   76543210

    -----------------------   -----------------------
        H          L           H'         L'   
    -----------------------   -----------------------
      76543210   76543210       76543210   76543210

    -----------------------   -----------------------
        B          C           B'         C'   
    -----------------------   -----------------------
      76543210   76543210       76543210   76543210

    -----------------------   -----------------------
        D          E           D'         E'   
    -----------------------   -----------------------
      76543210   76543210       76543210   76543210

    -----------------------
             IX          
    -----------------------
     15..................0

    -----------------------
             IY          
    -----------------------
     15..................0

    -----------------------
             SP          
    -----------------------
     15..................0

    -----------------------
        I          R    
    -----------------------
      76543210   76543210






          . 3.3. 24  
                     Z80

1 -  ; 2-  .
.
                           - 52 -
                  A
  ,            
 ,    A.

          F
   
         "",              
      ,   
.
          
  5,    ,     
,          1,   , 
 0.
          ,    
        " ". 
 ,  ,     /
/.
                 
,       
.

             HL

               
  ,        256 
. ,     
         65536      .    
       
       (  
  ),      -    
( -  ).    
  Z80  "H"  "L"  
   "high"  (,  )    "low"
(, ). ,    
          ,   
      .
     65536      256    256
,            
   "" .
       Z80   HL -   
 ,      
. ,    .   
     ,  16- ,
       .  
,   H   L   , 
            
.

            BC  DE

                  
  .    
      A.  DE
        
.
                           - 53 -
                  
, ,  B    
 .

           

     Z80 -  ,   , 
  A,  F, H, L, B, C, D,  E,  
 ,   A', F',  H',  L',  B',
C', D'  E'   " A-"  ..
                ,
            
        .  
 ""  Z80      "
 ",   " ".
           -
    ,  ,     
 .
            
  ,        
     .      
    ,       , 
    ,        
          
.
            
         
. ,   - ""    16
            H'  L'
   .          
,    , .

            IX  IY

                 
,          "".    
          
.      (IX  IY)
      .
           16   
   IY             23610
(  5C3A) -    
 .   IX  
        LOAD, SAVE,
VERIFY  MERGE.
          
           

           .      
                
   .
.
                           - 54 -
         Z80        ,    
          ,  
  ,        
  .      "
 -   "  (      ,
  ).
             
   .        
  ,       
  .         
         
 .   Z80    
                   
   , ,  ,  
              
      .
           
   ,    
    ,      
 . ,    
,       
    ,   , 
    .

            I

           .         
-  ""  ,     
Z80,           
          
-.  ,      -   ""   
    ,     
      .

            R

        .   
,       " ".
     0  255.
      R          ,
      ,   
  ().

           - 

       ,      ,
     .
        ,        -    
  -    (),   
.       ,
           .      
   (   1)     
( 1).       
   ;      ,        
 .


.
                           - 55 -
                     .

       ,   Z80    
,                ,
  .      
         
,        .  
-   Z80     8  
1    .  ,  ,    
 ,      ,    
 8- .
              ,    
 ,      .
        
     - ""
  16.

             

            0               1111 0011
            1               1010 1111
            2               0001 0001
            3               1111 1111
            4               1111 1111
            5               1100 0011
            6               1100 1011
            7               0001 0001

                
,        ,   
        .
 ,   ,    
  .
               ,
              
.    ,    ,   
.

      
                          

  0        0000        -    243             F3
  1        0001        -    175             AF
  2        0002        -     17             11
  3        0003        -    255             FF
  4        0004        -    255             FF
  5        0005        -    195             C3
  6        0006        -    203             CB
  7        0007        -     17             11


         (    ) 
           ,
""      0  7.
.
                           - 56 -
           20 PRINT 'LOSATION'; TAB 10; A;
              TAB 15,PEEK A
           30 NEXT A

           ,   
  ,            
 .

           10 FOR A=0 TO 7
           20 LET H INT(PEEK A/16)
           30 LET L PEEK A H*16
           40 PRINT 'LOCATION'; TAB 10; A;
              TAB 15,CHR$ (45+H+7*(H>9);CHR$(48+L+7*(L>9))
           50 NEXT A

              ,    
        ,      
    ,             
.
            .
                    
 Z80  ,     
   16K   .

                            
 
   0     DI              
   1     XOR A            A
 2 - 4   LD DE,+FFFF      
                             
 5 - 7   JP +11CB        

          ""  
        .    -    
    .    
              Z80   
  ,   ,  
 ,     
,   ,      
.
     ,           
      ,    
    -         .  
    ( )   
    ,        -    
  .
               
,    .

                

   0000  F3            DI          
   0001  AF            XOR A      " "
   0002  11 FF FF      LD DE,+FFFF    
.
                           - 57 -
            
;              ,
       
,        
-        ,      ,
,  ,    
 .
         ,   
          
    ,            
 Z80.
     ,   ,   
      -      
.
                  ,
        .      
      ,    
  . , 
    ,             
 ,     
 -  " ",  .
     ,      
        ""  "". 
      :

                                     

     START     equ.    0000      -  0
     START/NEW equ.    11CB      
     TOP-MEM   equ.    FFFF     e 65535

                   

   0000  START  DI               
   0001         XOR A            
   0002         LD DE,+TOP-MEM     
   0005         JP START/NEW     

             ,
      ,  
         
 .
.
                           - 58 -
              4.  
              

                    4.1. 

       -      Z80 -   "", 
           
8-  .        
    8-   .  ,
        ,   
                 
 .
              ,
       ,   
   ,            
 ,         
  .          
 -,       
  - ""   .

             4.2.  

         
    "    ",    
"  ",     ,
    "    "  -    
.
           
-    0,  1,  2,  3,  4, 5, 6, 7, 8  9;   6
  - A, B, C, D, E  F.
          ,    
     1  15.

                 
                              

          0000            0               0
          0001            1               1
          0010            2               2
          0011            3               3
          0100            4               4
          0101            5               5
          0110            6               6
          0111            7               7
          1000            8               8
          1001            9               9
          1010           10               A
          1011           11               B
          1100           12               C
          1101           13               D
          1110           14               E
          1111           15               F

                     ,   
           4-
 .
.
                           - 59 -
  ,    16-    -
  .
          .

     0000 0000 () = 00 ()
     0100 1111 () = 4F ()
     0000 0000 0000 0000 () = 0000 (.)
     0100 1100 1010 1111 () = 4CAF (.)

               
       -    
       ;  ,  
    .        
  ,     .
       ,      ,
           
     .

         
      
  
     10 INPUT 'Decimal number',D                 ( 1
     20 IF D>65535 THEN GO TO 170
     30 PRINT "Decimal',D                        ( 2
     40 DIM H(4)
     50 DIM H$(4)
     60 LET H(1)=INT (D/4096)
     70 LET D=D-H(1)*4096
     80 LET H(2)=INT (D/256)
     90 LET D=D-H(2)*256
    100 LET H(3)=INT (D/16)
    110 LET D=D-H(3)*16
    120 LET H(4)=D
    130 FOR A=1 TO 4
    140 LET H$(A)=CHR$ (H(A)+48+7*H(A)>9))
    150 NEXT A
    160 PRINT 'Hexadecimal',H$                   ( 3
    170 PRINT
    180 GO TO 10

1 -  ; 2 - ; 3 - 

                 
   .   130 -
- 150            
ASCII.
               
     .
.
                           - 60 -
        
       

     10 DIM H$(4)
     20 INPUT 'Hex. characters',H$               ( 1
     40 LET D=0
     50 FOR A=1 TO 4
     60 IF H$(A)=CHR$ 32 THEN GO TO 100
     70 IF H$(A)<'0' OR H$(A)>'9' AND H$(A)<'A'
        OR H$(A)>'F' THEN GO TO 120
     80 LET D=D+16+(4-A)*(CODE H$(A)-48-7*(CODE H$(A)>57))
     90 NEXT A
    100 PRINT 'Hexadecimal',H$                   ( 2
    110 PRINT 'Decimal',D                        ( 3
    120 PRINT
    130 GO TO 20

1 -  ; 2 - ;
3 - 

               
   4 .     
,         (
 ).
              
      
   .

        =  798A
          =  7  4096 = 28 672
                                 8   256 =  2 048
                                 9    16 =    144
                                 A     1 =     10
                              --------------------
                              798A        = 30 874
                              --------------------

,      :

          =  78  256 = 30 720
                                 9A    1 =    154
                              --------------------
                              789A        = 30 874
                              --------------------

           4.3.   

                          
   Z80      
.       0000  0000  -  1111
1111,      0  -  255,  
 00 - FF.        
()    -       " 
".           
  .
.
                           - 61 -
                  ,  
         0  -  255,
       ;      -   
  256      
256   .

       :       252 + 44  40
                                                
       : FC + 2C  28

       :        87 - 200  143
                                                
       : 57 - C8  8F

             ,        ,
    .       
   5.
      -   Z80      
      ,      
    ,        
      - , 
    .          
  - ""   .

             4.4.    
                    

                        
      .  ,      
    ,      ,
   .
          ,      
  0000  0000  - 0111 1111  
    0 - 127,    
 1000 0000 -  1111  1111  -      
  -128  -1.
            7 ( 
8- )  " ".    0
     1 -  .
      . 4.1.      
              
 8- .
              
            
16-   (      -  
-32768  32767).
               
                 
   ,   
   .
          .
     1.         
 .
     : -54  0011 0110
     2.        1,  
      .
.
                           - 62 -
     : 0011 0110  1100 1001
     3.      1         
.

                   ( 1           ( 2             ( 3
             -----------------------------------------------
             |   BINARY    |    DECIMAL     |     HEX.     |
             -----------------------------------------------
             |  / 0111 1111|     +127       |      7F      |
             |  | 0111 1110|     +126       |      7E      |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
( 4          |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
Positive     | <      .    |       .        |      .       |
numbers      |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  | 0000 0010|      +2        |     02       |
             |  \ 0000 0001|      +1        |     01       |
             |    0000 0000|       0        |     00       |
             |  / 1111 1111|      -1        |     FF       |
             |  | 1111 1110|      -2        |     FE       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
( 5          |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
Negative     | <      .    |       .        |      .       |
numbers      |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  |     .    |       .        |      .       |
             |  | 1000 0001|     -127       |     81       |
             |   \1000 0000|     -128       |     80       |
             |    |        |                |              |
             -----------------------------------------------
                  |
                  |    ( 6
                  Sign bit

.
                           - 63 -
           . 1.4.    
                    :

1  -    ;   2   -      ;   3   -
  ;  4  -    ;  5  -
 ; 6 -  .
     4.             
 .
     :    -54    
 1100 1010  CA.
          
        
 .

              4.5.   

            -  ""  
       .    
  -65535  65535     
  ,         
   -      .
            .
   - 0,    ,
      255   (   FF),     
.             
                 
16-         ;  
      -  ,    -
.    ,    
.
          
       
   ,    .
  20      
.

     ,   

     10 INPUT N
     20 IF N<>INT N OR N<-65535 OR N>65535 THEN GO TO 10
     30 PRINT 'Number chosen =',N                  ( 1
     40 LET V=PEEK 23627+256*PEEK 23628
     50 FOR A=1 TO 5
     60 PRINT A;'.';TAB 5;PEEK (A+V)
     70 NEXT A
     80 GO TO 10

1 -  

             V      
  ,          V+1  V+5
            N.   
    .
.
                           - 64 -
        0:
     1. 0
     2. 0
     3. 0
     4. 0
     5. 0
  0 -  ,  0  1 + 0  256.

     1. 0
     2. 0
     3. 236
     4. 5
     5. 0
   1516 -  ,  236  1 + 5 256.
   -1: 1. 0 2. 255 3. 255  4.  255
     5. 0
  -1 -  , 
     :            ,
                       -65536.
                     0, 255, 0, 0, 0.

               4.6.    

            -   ""   
                
  (  !)      .29E-38 
1.7E38.
      0     5    .  
        ,  
   - .
              
      .
           E 
    .
         1234.5,       E 
  .1234E+5.     
    ,         
 .    ,   
-      ,    
 .
      = +4,  = .12345 .
         -  ""      
  ,    ,      
  .
     ,       0001  1111,  
 +31.
             ,
              ,
 +5 .
          :
      = +5,  = .1111 1000 .
.
                           - 65 -
        -   ""     
  . ,     
(    -  +5)       128
(      80).      
:
+5 +128 = 133.
             , 
    (        
  0,    -    1).    
.                 
  0.
                +31
 :
     133, 120, 0, 0, 0;
 :
     85, 78, 00, 00, 00;
 :
     1000 0101 0111 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .
                   
    ,    
,       .
          
           
.   30 ,    
        
 .
     
               
     

     10 INPUT N
     20 IF N=0 THEN GO TO 40
     30 LET N=N+.2E-38
     40 PRINT 'Number chosen =';N                    ( 1
     50 PRINT
     60 PRINT 'Exp.";TAB 9;'Mantissa'                ( 2
     70 LET V=PEEK 23627+256*PEEK 23628
     80 PRINT PEEK (V+1);TAB 9;
     90 FOR A=2 TO 5
    100 PRINT PEEK (V+A);CHR$ 32;
    110 NEXT A
    120 PRINT
    130 GO TO 10

1 -  , 2 -  , 

          :

                    

               1        129      0 0 0 0
               2        130      0 0 0 0
             35456      144      10 128 0 0
              -1        129      128 0 0 0
            -35456      144      138 128 0 0
             6.333      131      74 167 239 158
.
                           - 66 -
      ,  .5   1/2.
     .5   = 127 127 255 255 255
    1/2   = 128 0   0   0   0
            5.   

                 5.1.   

           ,      
   .
              18  ,  
        ,   .
,           
      ,      
        Z80.  
  .
     1.   (+dd),
             00  -FF
(  0 - 255).    ,    
  ,    
 "+dd".
     :   - "LD A,+dd"
     2.   (+dddd),
         0000 - FFFF
(  0 - 65535).  ,  
     ,    
  "+dddd".
     :   - "LD HL,+dddd"
     3.   (addr),
         0000 - FFFF
(  0 - 65535),      
      .   ,  
   ,    
 "addr".
     :   - "JP addr"
     4.    (),
            00  - FF
(  -128 - +127).   
                   
.
          ,             
    ,      
 "".
      :   - "JP "
      5.     (+d),
            00  - FF
(  -128 - +127).   
                   
 .
          ,             
   ,   
  "+d".
      :   = "LD A,(IX+d)"
      6.            
    (+d,+dd),          
   00 - FF ( 
-128 - +127,    0 - - 255).
       ,     

                           - 67 -
      :   - "LD (IX+d),+dd"

                 5.2.  

           
    .  ,    ,
    18  .
                 
         ,
    .

       1.  NO OPERATION ( )
      --------

              

          NOP                   00

        NO OPERATION   Z80
    1,14  .               
.
             NO OPERATION
     ,      
,    ""    ,
   .
          ,  
 ,   . 110.

       2.      
      --------

                    
  .

               
     
        LD A,+dd                3E dd
        LD H,+dd                26 dd
        LD L,+dd                2E dd
        LD B,+dd                06 dd
        LD C,+dd                0E dd
        LD D,+dd                16 dd
        LD E,+dd                1E dd

                    
     .    
 ,   -  .  ,  
     ""        
.            
  .
             
  .


.
                           - 68 -
       LD HL,+dddd          21 dd dd
       LD BC,+dddd          01 dd dd
       LD IX,+dddd          11 dd dd
       LD IY,+dddd          DD 21 dd dd
       LD SP,+dddd          31 dd dd

                
  :       -   , 
   -  .
               
    ,     L, C, E, X, Y
 P,    -   ,     
H, B, D, I  S.
            
.         
  ,        
    .
          .  
  ,    ,
  . 110-111.

      3.     
     --------  .

         Z80  59 ,
       
    .         
.

      3a.    .

                 ,
           
 r   .

  ======================================================
  |    r     | LD  | LD  | LD  | LD  | LD  | LD  | LD  |
  | register | A,r | H,r | L,r | B,r | C,r | D,r | E,r |
  ======================================================
  |    A     | 7F  | 67  | 6F  | 47  | 4F  | 57  | 5F  |
  |    H     | 7C  | 64  | 6C  | 44  | 4C  | 54  | 5C  |
  |    L     | 7D  | 65  | 6D  | 45  | 4D  | 55  | 5D  |
  |    B     | 78  | 60  | 68  | 40  | 48  | 50  | 58  |
  |    C     | 79  | 61  | 69  | 41  | 49  | 51  | 59  |
  |    D     | 7A  | 62  | 6A  | 42  | 4A  | 52  | 5A  |
  |    E     | 78  | 63  | 78  | 43  | 4B  | 53  | 5B  |
  ======================================================

        ,        ,
    .      , 
 ,    I  R.


.
                           - 69 -
        LD A,I                   ED 57
        LD A,R                   ED 5F
        LD I,A                   ED 47
        LD R,A                   ED 4F

                   
/.

      3.    .

               ,        
      .

               

        LD SP,HL                  F9
.       LD SP,IX                DD F9
        LD SP,IY                FD F9

                .
     ,   ,    
      ,  
                ,  
    .
     ,        "LD  HL,DE"
    "LD H,D"  "LD L,E".
         ,      
    ,    
   (. " "  . 92).

      3.  "EX DE,HL"

             Z80  
             
  .

               

        EX DE,HL                  EB

                
        DE    
 HL.      .

      3.   
                    .

        -  :

               
     
        EXX                        D9
        EX AF,A'F'                 08
      "EXX"    H, L, B,
.
                           - 70 -
         "EX AF,A'F'" - 
  ,     A  F
  A'  F'.
          
  .        
,        
  ,          
                
.
          ,  
  ,   . 112.

      4.     ,
     --------     .

             Z80   
  ""    ,    
""         .    
             ,  
      ,    
,    .
                
                  
  .
        .
     1.         -         
 .
     2.        -      
     .
     3.       -         
,    d   ,
    IX  IY.

      4. ,   .

       .

                 

         LD A,(addr)    3A addr
         LD HL,(addr)   2A addr (  )
                        ED 6B addr ( )
         LD BC,(addr)   ED 4B addr
         LD DE,(addr)   ED 5B addr
         LD IX,(addr)   ED 2A addr
         LD IY,(addr)   FD 2A addr
         LD SP,(addr)   FD 78 addr

     "LD  A,(addr)" -     
 Z80,     
     .
               
        -        
  .
.
                           - 71 -
     :   "LD BC,(addr)"   
           
  ,     -  
.

      4. ,   .

         .

                 

          LD A,(HL)                 7E
          LD A,(BC)                 0A
          LD A,(DE)                 1A
          LD H,(HL)                 66
          LD L,(HL)                 6E
          LD B,(HL)                 46
          LD C,(HL)                 4E
          LD D,(HL)                 56
          LD E,(HL)                 5E

          ,      
   ,      HL, DE
 BC.      . ,     
  ,       
.
     :    "LD  D,(BC)"    ,  
.
       "LD  A,(BC)"    "LD D,A" 
   A.
      "LD H,B"  "LD L,C"    "LD  D,(HL)"
     HL.
 
      4. ,   

          
    ,    ,
    .     
  .
     . 5.1    .
          .

                 

          LD A,(IX+d)            DD 73 d
          LD H,(IX+d)            DD 66 d
          LD L,(IX+d)            DD 6E d
          LD B,(IX+d)            DD 46 d
          LD C,(IX+d)            DD 4E d
          LD D,(IX+d)            DD 56 d
          LD E,(IX+d)            DD 5E d
.
                           - 72 -
      ,     

                             ( 1
                        TOP
                    -----------    --
                    | IY + 7F |      |
                    |---------|      |
                    | IY + 7E |      |                ( 4
                    |---------|      |    Table, list or
                    |    .    |       >   a block of 256
                    |    .    |      |    locations
                    |    .    |      |
                    |    .    |      |
                    |    .    |      |
                    |---------|      |
                    | IY + 02 |      |
                    |---------|      |
                    | IY + 01 |      |
     ---------      |---------|      |
     |  IY   |----->| IY + 00 |      |
     ---------      |---------|      |   --
        |           | IY + FF |      |     |
        |           |---------|      |     |
     hold this      | IY + FE |      |     |
     address        |---------|      |     |          ( 5
              ( 3   |    .    |      |     |   These
                    |    .    |      |     |   locations
                    |    .    |      |      >  may also be
                    |    .    |      |     |   considered as:
                    |    .    |      |     |
                    |---------|      |     |     IY - 01
                    | IY + 81 |      |     |        .
                    |---------|      |     |        .
                    | IY + 80 |      |     |        .
                    -----------    --    --      IY - 80
                      BOTTOM
                             ( 2



   
        . 5.1.    
           IX -  :

1  - ; 2 - ; 3 -   ; 4 - ,
    256 ; 5 -        
    IY,  IX  IY  DD  FD.
 Z80   .
.
                           - 73 -
              4.  
     ,   Z80
   ,      -    
.  ,     "LD A,(HL)" 
 7   .
       4  ,     
  -      , 16-20  
,      Z80
   .
                  
.
           ,   
 ,   . 113.

      5.      ,
     --------    ,  .

             ,
     ,    
 4.
               
             
.
                     
.

      5. ,   .

         .

                  
 
         LD (addr),A               32 addr
         LD (addr),HL    22 addr (  )
                         ED 63 addr ( )
         LD (addr),BC             ED 43 addr
         LD (addr),DE             ED 53 addr
         LD (addr),IX             DD 22 addr
         LD (addr),IY             FD 22 addr
         LD (addr),SP             ED 73 addr

           -   ,    
,      ,          
  Z80         
 .       ,  
      A    
.
         ,   "LD (addr),HL"
        "LD  (addr),L"      "LD
(addr+1),H".
             
        ,     
"". ,   :

     "LD (RAMTOP),HL"
 RAMTOP - ,     ,
 .
.
                           - 74 -
      5. ,  
                   .
                   
        ,
           HL, BC  DE.
        
,       HL.

               

         LD (HL),A                77
         LD (BC),A                02
         LD (DE),A                12
         LD (HL),H                74
         LD (HL),L                75
         LD (HL),B                70
         LD (HL),C                71
         LD (HL),D                72
         LD (HL),E                73
         LD (HL),+dd              30 dd

      5. ,  
                   .

         .

                 

         LD (IX+d),A             DD 77 d
         LD (IX+d),H             DD 74 d
         LD (IX+d),L             DD 75 d
         LD (IX+d),B             DD 70 d
         LD (IX+d),C             DD 71 d
         LD (IX+d),D             DD 72 d
         LD (IX+d),E             DD 73 d
         LD (IX+d),+dd          DD 36 d dd

      ,     
 IY,  IX  IY  DD  FD.
           , 
  ,   . 115.

      6.  .
     --------

                  
  Z80,   
  .
          - 
   ,      
  ,   
.
                           - 75 -
                ,
       :
     1.  ADD;
     2.  INC.      ,    
   1;
     3.    ADC.       
 .    -        
FLAG,       , 
            
   .    
0  (  "")    1  (  "").  
  ADD   ADC      ,
          INC  - ,  
  .

      6.  ADD

              .
  ,         
 IY,  IX  IY  DD  FD.

                 

        ADD A,+dd               C6 dd
        ADD A,A                  87
        ADD A,H                  84
        ADD A,L                  85
        ADD A,B                  80
        ADD A,C                  81
        ADD A,D                  82
        ADD A,E                  83
        ADD A,(HL)               86
        ADD A,(IX+d)           DD 86 d
        ADD HL,HL                29
        ADD HL,BC                09
        ADD HL,DE                19
        ADD HL,SP                39
        ADD IX,IX              DD 29
        ADD IX,BC              DD 09
        ADD IX,DE              DD 19
        ADD IX,SP              DD 39

             ADD     
.  ,          , 
         
      ,       
.    ,        
            
.
        .
     1.  A   60,
         B   90.
            "ADD A,B"
         A   F0,
         B   90,
.
                           - 76 -
     2.  A   A8,
         B   7E.
            "ADD A,B"
         A   26,
         B   7E,
          .

      6.  INC

          
1   8-  ,      
16-    .       
  .
         .

                

         INC A                     3C
         INC H                     24
         INC L                     2C
         INC B                     04
         INC C                     0C
         INC D                     14
         INC E                     1C
         INC                       34
         INC (IX+d)              DD 34 d
         INC (IY+d)              FD 34 d
         INC HL                    23
         INC BC                    03
         INC DE                    13
         INC SP                    33
         INC IX                  DD 23
         INC IY                  FD 23

      6.  ADC

         .

                

        ADC A,+dd                CE dd
        ADC A,A                    8F
        ADC A,H                    8C
        ADC A,L                    8D
        ADC A,B                    68
        ADC A,C                    89
        ADC A,D                    8A
        ADC A,E                    8B
        ADC A,(HL)                 8E
        ADC A,(IX+d)             DD 8E d
        ADC A,(IY+d)             FD 8E d
        ADC HL,HL                 ED 6A
        ADC HL,BC                 ED 4A
        ADC HL,DE                 ED 5A
.
                           - 77 -
          
              .   
          
.                 
,   .
         .
     1.  A   60,
         B   90,
          .
            "ADC A,B"
         A   F1,
         B   90,
          .
     2.  A   A8,
         B   7E,
          .
            "ADC A,B"
         A   27,
         B   7E,
          .
           , 
  ,   . 117.

      7.  .
     --------

              
         
    ,       
   .
           ,   ,  
  ,          
:
     1.  SUB;
     2.   DEC   -      ,  
    1;
     3.    SBC.        
 .
           SUB  SBC 
  -   ,      
  .     DEC   
.
.
                           - 78 -
      7.  SUB

          .

                 

         SUB +dd                 D6 dd
         SUB A                    97
         SUB H                    94
         SUB L                    95
         SUB C                    91
         SUB D                    92
         SUB E                    93
         SUB (HL)                 96
         SUB (IX+d)             DD 96 d
         SUB (IY+d)             FD 96 d

:   SUB      ,
               .    
                SUB       A,  
              "SUB L",   "SUB A,L".
       Z80,      
,    SUB    ""   
    .      
  ,       A
    (    ),
 ,  .
     1.  A   DC,
         B   AA.
            "SUB B"
         A   32,
         B   AA,
           (" ").
     2.  A   AA,
         B   DC.
            "SUB B"
         A   CE,
          B      DC,  
         ,    
         .

      7.  DEC

           1
  8- ,     16-
  .           
.
          .
.
                           - 79 -
                
  
        DEC A                     3D
        DEC H                     25
        DEC L                     2D
        DEC B                     05
        DEC C                     0D
        DEC D                     15
        DEC E                     1D
        DEC (HL)                  35
        DEC (IX+d)              DD 35 d
        DEC (IY+d)              FD 35 d
        DEC HL                    2B
        DEC BC                    0B
        DEC DE                    1B
        DEC IX                  DD 28
        DEC IY                  FD 28
.
                           - 80 -
      7.  SBC

          .

                 

          SBC A,+dd               DE dd
          SBC A,A                   9F
          SBC A,H                   9C
          SBC A,L                   9D
          SBC A,B                   98
          SBC A,C                   99
          SBC A,D                   9A
          SBC A,E                   9B
          SBC A,(HL)                9E
          SBC A,(IX+d)            DD 9E d
          SBC A,(IY+d)            FD 9E d
          SBC HL,HL                ED 62
          SBC HL,BC                ED 42
          SBC HL,DE                ED 52
          SBC HL,SP                ED 72

                 SBC   
""   ,         ,  
  ,      .  
       
  ,     
  .
     .                 ,
      H',  L',  H   L,  ,
   D', E',  D    E,    
.

     AND A      -   
     SBC HL,DE  -    
     EXX        -    
     SBC HL,DE  -    
     EXX        -     

             -   
    ,       
  .
           , 
  ,   . 120.

      8.  .
     --------

               
,         .      
        A 
,     
.
                           - 81 -
            -  
,       F,
           .  
  A    .
              
    ,       .  
     "  "    "",
  ,  .
       ,   
  ,   . 98-102.
          .

                

        CP +dd                   FE dd
        CP A                      8F
        CP H                      BC
        CP L                      BD
        CP B                      B8
        CP C                      B9
        CP D                      BA
        CP E                      8B
        CP (HL)                   8E
        CP (IX+d)               DD 8E d
        CP (IY+d)               FD 8E d

          "CP B".
     1.  A   31,
         B   30.
            "CP B" 
          ,   .
     2.  A   30,
         B   30.
            "CP B" 
          ,   .
        ,      - -
         "31  30",     "30  30".
     3.  A   01,
         B   30.
            "CP B" 
          ,  
        .  - "01  30".
           , 
  ,   . 121.

      9.  .
     --------

          Z80    
AND  (),  OR  ()   XOR ( )  
           A  
     .   
 ; 8-   
  A.
.
                           - 82 -
      9.  AND ()

               
 AND       1,  
    1.    0.
         ,   -
     .

          10101010       AA
                         AND
                   11000000                         C0
                                              
                   10000000                         80

          .

                 

         AND +dd                 E6 dd
         AND A                     A7
         AND H                     A4
         AND L                     A5
         AND B                     A0
         AND C                     A1
         AND D                     A2
         AND E                     A3
         AND (HL)                  A6
         AND (IX+d)              DD A6 d
         AND (IY+d)              FD A6 d

           AND    0  8
  A.      "";
       
 .

         ,        
.
      - ""  2, 1  0  
ATTR-P       .
,    ,   
  AND,       ADD.

     :


     LD A,(ATTR-P)     :   
     AND+F1            :  "" 
     ADD+NEW COLOUR    :  "" 
     LD (ATTR-P),A     :   

.
                           - 83 -

     9.  OR ()
                 
    OR ()  1,   ,
     1.  
  0.
            OR  (),
    .

           10101010       AA
                           OR
                    11000000                         C0
                                               
                    11101010                         EA

          .

                
 
        OR +dd                   F6 dd
        OR A                      B7
        OR H                      B4
        OR L                      B5
        OR B                      B0
        OR C                      B1
        OR D                      B2
        OR E                      B3
        OR (HL)                   B6
        OR (IX+d)               DD B6 d
        OR (IY+d)               FD B6 d

           OR  ()    1
(,   1)  0  8    
A.
              
  OR ().
           - ""  5, 4  3  -
      ATTR-P    
      .      "OR +dd"
        .
     :

     LD A,(ATTR-P)   :   
     OR +38          :   1  5, 4  3
     LD (ATTR-P),A   :   

      9.  XOR ( )

                 
   XOR ( )  
1 ,    (   )    
 1.     0.

         ,  ,    XOR
    .
.
                           - 84 -
           10101010       AA
                    11000000                         C0
                                              
                    01101010                         6A

          .

                 

          XOR +dd                 EE dd
          XOR A                    AF
          XOR H                    AC
          XOR L                    AD
          XOR B                    A8
          XOR C                    A9
          XOR D                    AA
          XOR E                    AB
          XOR (HL)                 AE
          XOR (IX+d)             DD AE d
          XOR (IY+d)             FD AE d

                   XOR
    0    8   A. ,  
 ,      .
        AA XOR C0  6A. 
    -  C0,        1
    6   7. ,   
 XOR  6  7     0,  
AA   6A.
             ,  
 ,    ;
,          "LD
A,+00".           A, 
 "XOR A"            
,    "LD A,+00" -  .

       AND  (), OR ()  XOR ( ) 
    .
         ,  
  ,   . 122.

      10.  .
     ---------

         Z80  17 ,
      
.      ,      
,     GO TO    ,  
      .
                  
.           
          ;  
     .
.
                           - 85 -
      10.   .

                

         JP addr                 C3 addr

        .   
"JP  addr"       "addr"   , 
  ,            ,
   .

      10.  , 
                     .

          .

               

        JP (HL)                 E9
        JP (IX)               DD E9
        JP (IY)               FD E9

           16- 
-     ,  
.          ,
          ,  
   .

      10.   .

                 
    ,         
   127     128  . ,
       ,  
       e,        
 (  1 ).

                

          JR e                   18 e

       5.2. ,   e  
.
     e        ,  
  e         ,
     e  ,    
   .

      10.     .

             Z80  
,        
 ,    .
         .


.
                           - 86 -
                                                  ( 7
                              ( 3              '0' valus Hox.
                         TOP
              --   ---------------                       ( 5
             |     |             |<------- 7F  'u' valuos of
( 1          |     |-------------|                 7F is the
jumps       <      |             |<------- 7E        maximum
torward      |     |-------------|                   torward
             |     |      .      |
             |     |      .      |
             |     |      .      |
             |     |      .      |
             |     |-------------|
             |     |             |<------- 01
             |     |-------------|
             |     |             |<------- 00
              >    |-------------|
             |     |     '0'     |<------- FF
             |     |-------------|
             |     |     JP      |<------- FE
             |     |-------------|
             |     |             |<------- FD
             |     |-------------|
             |     |      .      |
             |     |      .      |
             |     |      .      |
             |     |      .      |
( 2          |     |-------------|                      ( 6
jumps       <      |             |<------- 81    '0' valios
backward     |     |-------------|                 of 80 is
             |     |             |<------- 80       maximum
              --   ---------------            backward jump
                          |
                          | memory holding      ( 4
                          ---------------
                            machin code program









      . 5.2. ,    e
                 :

1  -    ; 2 -  ; 3 - ; 4 -
    -,         
,        ;  5 - 
 e    - 7F; 6 -  
   - 80; 7 -   e
     ***     ***
.
                           - 87 -
      -  0  F;   ,    
  . ,  ,  -
""        Z80      
 ,     
.            
  
         .
     1.           
  ADD     ADC.            
,    - .
     2.           
 SUB, SBC  CP.         ,
 - .
     3.           
 AND (), OR ()  XOR ( ).
     4.         
  (. ).

           
 .

               

         JP NC,addr    D2 addr     -
         JR NC,e                  
         JP C,addr     DA addr     -
         JR C,e        38 e       

               ,
    ASCII.

       ..............  :   A  ,
                       :    ASCII
       CP +30          :    0
       JP C,Error      : ,   
       CP +3A          :   ":"
                       :  ,   -
       JP NC,Error     : .  -  
       ..............  :   ASCII (   -
                       :  30-39   0-9)

      10.    
                     .

       ,     
    ,         
.
       .
.
                           - 88 -
     ***     ***

      -   6    F;        
,         0, 
,    .
     :
     6C ADD 5A   C6,    ;
   6C ADD 94   00,    .
         .
     1.        
      ADD,  INC, ADC, SUB, DEC, SBC, CP,
AND, OR  XOR,   ,  ADC  SBC,
  .
     2.            
    (.  95),     (. 98) 
  (. 98).
     3.        LD
   "LD A,I"  "LD A,R".

                  
  .

                  
                  

   JP NZ,addr      C2 addr           -
   JR NZ,e          20 e            
   JP Z,addr       CA addr           -
   JR Z,e           28 e            

            ; 
    

        ...............  :   A 
                         :  
        CP +3B           :  ";" ?
        JR Z,S-colon     : ,  
        CP +2C           :  "," ?
        JR NZ,lse       : ,  - 
        ...............  :   
                         :  ","

      10.    
                    .

       ,         
,             ,
  .
       .

     ***     ***

      -  7  F;     
   .
.
                           - 89 -
       8-  16-  
               
  ,        
   ( 7   15).   0,  
,      1,      .   
             
.
         .
     1.        
   ADD, INC, ADC, SUB, DEC, SBC, CP, AND, OR
  XOR,      ,    ADC    SBC,
  .
     2.            
  (. 98)        
 (. 95).
     3.        LD
   "LD A,I"  "LD A,R".

           
 .

                
                     

    JP P,addr          F2 addr      ,  
                                    
    JP M,addr          FA addr      ,  
                                    

               ,
     ,  ,  
,         ( ,
,   ).
             
  .

     ................  :  A   
     AND A             :   
     JP P,Else         :  00-7F  
     ..................:    
                       : 

      10.    
                     /.

         ,        
                /,
  .
       /.

     ***   /  ***

       -    2   F;   .
        ,
 -     .
.
                           - 90 -
                ,  
""         ,  
        
 .
         OA ADD 5C  66,
                10 ADD 92  102,
       -  .
         6A ADD 32  9C,
               106 ADD 50  -100,
       -  .
          .
         83 SUB 14  6F,
              -125 SUB 20  111,
       -  .
       /    
.
      ""          1  
 .
     ,   ,    
- .
     :     01010101  
-  . ,       00000001
  ,   .
         .
     1.        
  ADD, ADC, SBC, SUB  CP,   
,   ADC  SBC,   .
     2.            
    ADD,  OR,  XOR        
  (. 95).
     3.         ,     
      INC        DEC    -    
 80  7F.
     4.      /     
    "LD  A,I"    "LD  A,R",  
     (. 98).
   
                  
  /.

                
                   

   JP PO,addr       E2 addr       ,   
                                     -
                                  
   JP PE,addr       EA addr       e,  
                                     -
                                  

          ;
       .

          ,  
  ,   . 123-124.



                           - 91 -
   ---------

             -   
             
 Z80.
      :
       
                
                             

            DJNZ,e            10 e

                         
" (  1)    B  
 ,    ".
          FOR-NEXT  :

     FOR B=X TO 0 STEP -1 : NEXT B

              B  X.  
   B ,    .
         "DJNZ,e". 
         
      B.    ,
  , ,   e  
,    "DJNZ,e".
               
 .

        ................... :   - 26 .
        LD B,+1A            : A -   :
        LD A,+5B            :    
    SUB B               :  5B - 1A = 41
        RST 0010            :   (. )
        DJNZ,LOOP           :   B,C  ..
        ................... :   NEXT B

         :

     06,1A,3E,5B,90,D7,10,FA  ,

    3E    "".  , 
     ,   
  ,  - ,   ,  e,
    e    FF,      
    (     ),
     "".     
    ,   
e   FA.
             , 
  ,   . 126.



.
                           - 92 -
     ---------

       ,      ,
      -;      
                   ,
 -     .  ,
   ,     :  -
 ,   -  .
     
      12.  PUSH  POP

            (PUSH), 
    ,   -,    
   (POP),      
-.
             
        ;  ,
      ,     
  .

                   
                                 

           PUSH AF                 F5
           PUSH HL                 E5
           PUSH BC                 C5
           PUSH DE                 D5
           PUSH IX               DD E5
           PUSH IY               FD E5
           POP AF                  F1
           POP HL                  E1
           POP BC                  C1
           POP DE                  D1
           POP IX                DD E1
           POP IY                FD E1

          - ,   
,           ,  
     .
        PUSH     1  
   -       .
        .
               1,  
   .
              POP        
.   ,    
           
 ,    .
         ,      
,   .
.
                           - 93 -
         PUSH AF           :   AF
         PUSH BC           :   BC
         ................. :   
         POP AF            :    AF

        " "  
  A, F, B,  C,    
      .

      12.    
    
       ,        
,               
.
          .
  
                    
                                

            EX (SP),HL             E3
            EX (SP),IX           DD E3
	    EX (SP),IY           FD E3

              
             
   .          
.
            ,  
 ,   -     
,   PUSH  POP.
        .
         "",     HL
 "".
           .
     1.   "EX (SP),HL".
     2.        
  "",  :

     ....................  :
     POP BC                :   ""  BC
     PUSH HL               :  "" -  
     PUSH BC               :  - 
     POP HL                :  ""  HL
     ....................  :

             
   (. ).

      12.  CALL

                 CALL  
    GO SUB  .   CALL
             ,  
            
.
.
                           - 94 -
          ,  
   -     
  .
               
                    

    CALL addr                         
    CALL C,addr      DC addr           
    CALL NC,addr     D4 addr           
    CALL Z,addr      CC addr           
    CALL NZ,addr     C4 addr           
    CALL M,addr      FC addr           
    CALL P,addr      F4 addr           
    CALL PE,addr     EC addr          /
                                     / 
    CALL PO,addr     E4 addr          /
                                     / 

        CALL  .
     1.      ,      
    "addr",    CALL,
   .   ,  
    PUSH.         
     .
     2.    "addr"     
  .

      12.  RET

       RET          
 RETURN  .     
,                 
 -        
 .

             
                   

     RET              C9           
     RET C            D8            
     RET NC           D0            
     RET Z            C8            
     RET NZ           C0            
     RET M            F8            
     RET P            F0            
     RET PE           E8           /
                                  / 
     RET PO           E0           /
                                  / 

           RET         
     .      
    .
       ,    ,     , 
       CALL.
        ,      
" GO SUB" ,    
.
                           - 95 -
         ,  ,    
.      ,
      .

     ..................  : :   A 
                         :  
     LD D,+00            :   D
     ADD A               :    
     LD E,A              :    E
     LD HL,+Table-base   :   HL  
     ADD HL,DE           :   
     LD D,(HL)           :     -
     INC HL              :  ,  
     LD E,(HL)           : 
     PUSH DE             :     
     ..................  :   DE  
                         : 
     RET                 :  

      12.  RST

             RST,
    "  ".    ,  
 CALL,    "addr".

               
                        

        RST 0000            C7          CALL 0000
        RST 0008            CF          CALL 0008
        RST 0010            D7          CALL 0010
        RST 0018            DF          CALL 0018
        RST 0020            E7          CALL 0020
        RST 0028            EF          CALL 0028
        RST 0030            F7          CALL 0030
        RST 0038            FF          CALL 0038

      - ""    "
",          
.
           , 
    ,   . 126.

      13.   
     ---------

            Z80    
       .  
   .     
       ;    
 -  .
           , 
        .  
    .
.
                           - 96 -
  ).
           .

-------------------------------------------------------------
     RLC    RL     SLA    RRC    RR     SRA    SRL  
|---|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
| A | CB 07 | CB 17 | CB 27 | CB 0F | CB 1F | CB 2F | CB 3F 
|---|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
| H  CB 04  CB 14  CB 24  CB 0C  CB 1C  CB 2C  CB 3C 
|---|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
| L  CB 05  CB 15  CB 25  CB 0D  CB 1D  CB 2D  CB 3D 
|---|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
| B  CB 00  CB 10  CB 20  CB 08  CB 18  CB 28  CB 38 
|----------------------------------------------------
| C  CB 01  CB 11  CB 21  CB 09  CB 19  CB 29  CB 39 
|----------------------------------------------------
 D  CB 02  CB 12  CB 22  CB 0A  CB 1A  CB 2A  CB 3A 
----------------------------------------------------
 E  CB 03  CB 13  CB 23  CB 0B  CB 1B  CB 2B  CB 3B 
----------------------------------------------------
 (HL)                                                      
    CB 06  CB 16  CB 26  CB 0E  CB 1E  CB 2E  CB 3E 
----------------------------------------------------
 (IX+d)                                                    
    DD CB  DD CB  DD CB  DD CB  DD CB  DD CB  DD CB 
    d  06  d  16  d  26  d  0E  d  1E  d  2E  d  3E 
----------------------------------------------------
 (IY+d)                                                    
|   | FD CB | FD CB | FD CB | FD CB | FD CB | FD CB | FD CB |
    d  06  d  16  d  26  d  0E  d  1E  d  2E  d  3E 
-------------------------------------------------------------

           
  A     .

                 
                             

             RLCA                07
             RLA                 17
             RRCA                0F
             RRA                 1F
             RRD               ED 67
             RLD               ED 6F

                   
 .
     1.           
,  RLD  RRD (. .5.3.).
     2.        ,    ,    /
        ,    
 .
          ,  
  ,   .
.
                           - 97 -
     ---------

           Z80  ,
      
     .  
   .

      14.  BIT

       BIT      
 .       
 , ,  "JP Z".
       BIT   , 
  0,  .

      14.  SET

       SET        
 .     .
                
   ,         
,        .
    SET  .

      14.  RES

      RES      
.     .
     ,    , 
 ,    .

           , 
  ,   . 130.

 
      15.   .
     ---------

           Z80    
    .        
.        
             
 .
             
        HL,     
 DE          
BC.
        ,    
             
  HL,       
 BC     -   A.
          .


.
                           - 98 -
 ===========================================================
 |          |     |bit |bit |bit |bit |bit |bit |bit |bit |
 |           |     | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
 |=========================================================|
 |  A        | BIT | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
 |  register | RES | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 87 | 8F |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  H        | BIT | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
 |  register | RES | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  L        | BIT | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
 |  register | RES | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  B        | BIT | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
 |  register | RES | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  C        | BIT | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
 |  register | RES | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  D        | BIT | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
 |  register | RES | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  E        | BIT | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
 |  register | RES | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
 |  CB ..    | SET | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | ED | F3 | FD |
 |---------------------------------------------------------|
 |  (HL)     | BIT | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
 |  CB ..    | RES | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
 |           | SET | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
 ===========================================================

  





.
                           - 99 -
          ,    
                      

                
                   

   LDIR              ED A0          - -
                                   
   LDDR              ED B8          - -
                                   
   CPIR              ED B1          - 
                                  
   CPDR              ED B9          - 
                                  

                     

              
                   

   LDI               ED A0          - -
                                   
   LDD               ED A8          - -
                                   
   CPI               ED A1          - -
                                   
   CPD               ED A9          - -
                                   

        ,   ,  
  .    ( 
)  .
               
-    .  ,   
 LDIR      .  
      .
            
  ,         
        .  
   .  
    "   "    ,
         "",   ""   
""   .
        .

     **********
     *  LDIR  *
     **********
         -               
 .
             ,
     HL,     
 -    DE;       
    BC.
.
                           - 100 -
                (HL) - 
  HL    ,    (DE).  
    1      HL  DE.
    BC     ,  
    .     
 ,      ; ,   
    HL  DE   ,
   .
              LDIR    
/.
   
     **********
     *  LDDR  *
     **********
          ,      LDIR,  
  ,        
    HL  DE    
1.      ,     
       .  (    
  " ".)  "" 
     .

     **********
     *  CPIR  *
     **********
                
        .      
       BC,    - 
 A.
             (HL)    
  A.    ,  
1      1     HL,
    .
               
     BC        0.    
             
    ;    HL 
  ,       .   
    BC  ,     
   .
        ,       BC
 ,   ,   /
- .

     **********
     *  CPDR  *
     **********
               , 
 CPIR,      .

         .
.
                           - 101 -
     *********
     *  LDI  *
     *********
                  
      BC       1.  
/         ,
        BC    0.
   HL  DE   1.
         ,      
    .        
  ,               
 .

     *********
     *  LDD  *
     *********
        LDI,   , 
   .

     *********
     *  CPI  *
     *********
               ,   
,           HL,
          ;  
      HL      1,  
      BC     1. 
""      A.
      (  -  -
).     / 
,     BC  
;  -  .

     *********
     *  CPD  *
     *********
        CPI   ,  
   HL .
     
           , 
  ,   . 131.

      16.  -.
     ---------

         Z80  
    ,       
          
   .
                    
   ,           
- ""    .
        ,   IN 
OUT,   8-  .
        IN    
              .    
   IORQ,    RD.

                           - 102 -
        OUT  
     .  
    IORQ  WR.
       RD, WR  IORQ,     
IN      OUT         
       .
    "  "        Z80
 16- .
       -    ""    
           65536    ,
         
   .
     ,           A2  
  ZX.
          .

              
                     -        
                                                

IN A,(+dd)         DB dd             A          A       dd
IN A,(C)           ED 78             A          B        C
IN H,(C)           ED 60             H          B        C
IN L,(C)           ED 68             L          B        C
IN B,(C)           ED 40             B          B        C
IN C,(C)           ED 48             C          B        C
IN D,(C)           ED 50             D          B        C
IN E,(C)           ED 58             E          B        C
OUT (+dd),A        D3 dd             A          A       dd
OUT (C),A          ED 79             A          B        C
OUT (C),H          ED 61             H          B        C
OUT (C),L          ED 69             L          B        C
OUT (C),B          ED 41             B          B        C
OUT (C),C          ED 49             C          B        C
OUT (C),D          ED 51             D          B        C
OUT (C),E          ED 59             E          B        C

             
.
.
                           - 103 -
                 
                    

    INI               ED A2         . -
                                     
    INIR              ED B2         . -
                                     
    IND               ED AA         . -
                                     
    INDR              ED BA         . -
				     
    OUTI              ED A3         . -
                                     
    OTIR              ED B3         . -
                                     
    OUTD              ED AB         . -
				     
    OTDR              ED BB         . -
                                     

      17.  .
     ---------

             Z80    
,        
 .
          .

                  

         EI                         FB
         DI                         F3
         IM0                      ED 46
         IM1                      ED 56
         IM2                      ED 5E
         RETI                     ED 4D
         RETN                     ED 45

        .

     ********
     *  EI  *
     ********
             Z80 
 .     ,  
     ,      ,
 ,  EI.
       -  ""    
       ;
    ,    
   50 .
.
                           - 104 -
     ********
     *  DI  *
     ********
        ,     ,
       , 
 DI,    ""
    INT.   -  ""  
          LOAD, SAVE,
VERIFY  MERGE.

     *********
     *  IM0  *
     *********
        .      0
            
      IM0.   
          
     , 
      INT.    -  ""   
.

     *********
     *  IM1  *
     *********
      - ""      
  IM1      1.       
 16     .
                  INT  
,           ,  
   "    0038".  
-  ""          
  0038          
   .

     *********
     *  IM2  *
     *********
            2      -   ""   
,             
    .      
      ,      128
       
        .   
  1       
16- ,       
 " ".
  
     **********
     *  RETI  *
     **********
         -          ,   
               
.        
,              
.
.
                           - 105 -
     **********
     *  RETN  *
     **********
                  RETI,  
        
.

      18.  .
     ---------

        .

                

        CPL                        2F
        NEG                      ED 44
        SCF                        37
        HALT                       76
        DAA                        27

     *********
     *  CPL  *
     *********
       ,    
A.        1,    .  
    "  1".    
.

     *********
     *  NEG  *
     *********
            2      A.
      -   1
   1.
         NEG   .
              
.       ,    
 -  0,    ,      .  
/    ,       
   80,   ,  
   80.

     *********
     *  SCF  *
     *********
         .

     *********
     *  CCF  *
     *********
              
 .
.
                           - 106 -
     **********
     *  HALT  *
     **********
      -  ,    
             
 .   -  ""  
    . , 
   ,         HALT    
        .
 PAUSE     1/50  .

     *********
     *  DAA  *
     *********
          A    
        .    
       0-9
   0000 - 1001 ( 1010 - 1111
  0,  0011 1001 -  39  ..
         
 A      .
               ;
   /        
 .         
,        
           
.
.
           

    INI               ED A2         . -
                