















             1715


                 ""



                   


                       

                    




























                            1987


                          


     騩   㬥  ᮤন   ᢥ,   室
ணࠬ    ࠡ  ५樮  ⥬  ࠢ
  "".  ⥬ "" ࠡ⠥  -
஭  1715  ࠢ 樮 ⥬ SCP   
ᮢ⨬ -, ਬ -1800.

        㬥 ᯮ짮 ਠ ..ਥ-
 (  ᪮ ).

 ।樨 㬥 - ५ 1987 .



                         ঠ


 1. ᯮ짮 ""........................5

 2. ⥬ ॡ.........................7

 3.  ""................................8

    3.1.  ..............................8
    3.2.  ࠭ ᮤন .......9
    3.3.  䠩.........................9
    3.4.  ଠ⮢ ⮢.................10
    3.5. 室 ⥪⮢ 䠩...............10
    3.6.  䠩........................10
    3.7. ଠ 䠩........................10

 4. ࠦ...................................12

    4.1. 㭪樨................................12
    4.2. 樨...............................16

 5. ய⠭............................18

 6. 䥩  -""-ࠬ.........19

 7.  ...............................20

 8. ࠭ 樨......................23

 9. .....................................25

    9.1. 祭............................25
    9.2. ࠢ ࠡ.........................26

 10. ஢  ᪮ 䠢............64

 11. ணࠬ  "/"...................65

 12. 㭪樮  ....................74

    ਫ 1. 㭪樨 ""...............75

    ਫ 2.  ""...............76

    ਫ 3.    㭪.....81

    ਫ 4. ࠭祭...................84

    ਫ 5. ⥫ .........85


                 1. ᯮ짮 ""

     ⮡ ᯮ짮  "",  ⠢ ᪥ 
     ᪮.    ,    ᪮  㬠稢
ன⢮  (..  ᫨    ⠢   ன⢮  "B",
 "B:",  <>  :

    


      ணࠬ 㧨    뤠 :

         <>
      (//):

          㤥  ࠭            㤥
     .   ᫥   ᯮ짮
 ᯥᨬ. ਬ:

      1,1,81
      02 02 82
      3/17/83

      ⥬ ⠥ ᮮ饭:

      ***  ""   11.1986,    ..
       'HELP' , 'HELP '  .
      .

      窠  쥩 ப  ᪠ "", -
,    "" ⮢ ਭ .   楫 
""  ⨢묨:     ᫥  ࠧ,
 ⨧ ⢨.  "",  ० 祬 믮-
  ᪠  ப.  ᫨ 㦨 訡-
,  ""  ᮮ頥   ⮬.   饬 砥 짮⥫
४ 訡 ,   ࠥ   楫-
. ᫨ " "㦨 訡,   
筮,   । ᨭ⠪ 訡    ⮡ࠦ
訡  ப    ⪮ ᮬ  砫 ४⭮
ࠧ.

      ਬ 訡:

      . DISPRAY MEMORY
      ***  
      DISPRAY MEMORY                 訡筮 
               , ४஢
        :PR            㪢 "PR"
         :PL            "PL"
      DISPLAY MEMORY                ᫥ 
       ? <>           <> =   -
                                        

      . STORE (2+2 TO X
      ***   ***
            ?                       祭 ப (2+2
      STORE (2+2 TO X
        ? Y
        :+2
         :+2)
      STORE (2+2) TO X

           ?  N          N =   
        4

        . SUM TO X
      dlq 'SUM'            ᮮ饭
      SUM TO X
        -
      ?     N                    N =  ४஢,
                                     ନ ⮩ .

     ணࠬ   ⠪ 믮 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

      < >

      ,  "" 㤥 㦥  , -
  䠩 < >.CMD  筥  믮. 
ଠ    ᯮ짮 ""  ⭮ 䠩 
 ᯮ짮 樨 楯  QUIT.
         ""   ᯮ짮 ᫥-
騥 ࠢ騥 ᨬ:

      ^P                 - - (४⥫)
      ^U                 - 㭨⮦ ⥪ ப
      ^X                 - 㭨⮦ ⥪  ப  (஬
                           ० ࠭ ।஢-
                           )
      <DEL>              - 㭨⮦  ᫥    
                           ᨬ
      ^N ( 蠣 ) - 㭨⮦  ᫥    
                           ᨬ
       <ESC>             - 室    
                           ,  :  DISPLAY, COUNT,
                           DELETE,   INPUT,   LIST,   LOCATE,
                           RECALL, REPLASE,  SKIP,  SUM;  ESC
                           ⠪  室  ACCEPT, INPUT,
                           REPORT  ()    WAIT.  
                              <ESC> 頥 -
                           ࠢ  ࠪ⨢ 
                            뤠 -᪠.
                               ᯮ  䠩
                           "" ஢ ESC ᨬ ।
                           ࠡ⪮    -
                           .
                               室    
                           몫祭  SET ESCAPE OFF.

      2.   ⥬ ॡ

      ,    ன  믮  ""    
᫥騥 ࠪ⨪ :

     1) ய,   8080   Z80,  ਬ
U880.

     2) 48  (  )  ⨢      SCP
("" ᯮ    400 ).

     3)  樮 ⥬ SCP ;
     4)       ᪮쪮  ன   譥   ,
ࠡ   SCP (筮 䫮 ᪨,    ᪨
);

     5) ᯫ  㥬 ஬ (⥫쭮 24 ப 
80 ⮫殢);

     6) ⥫ ਭ (  ).



     3.    ""

      䠩  ᮢ㯭 ଠ樨,  ᯮ
   ᪥,      ᮤন   짮⥫᪨   .
ଠ       䠩     
.    㯯஢    ⨯,    
 易  ⤥쭮 樥 "".

      䠩 "" - ⠭ 䠩 SCP    8
ᨬ   ⨯ 䠩   ᨬ.    ᫥
⨯  䠩    㬮砭,  ᯮ㥬    "".   
 ,     䠩,  ⨯ 
⢮,  ⮣ "" ਭ 祭  ⨯ 
㬮砭    .  ਬ,  ᫨ 䠩  㦥
 ⨯ DBF,    室 㪠뢠      
  樨 䠩.

                                        - .DBF
      ࠭ ᮤন            - .MEM
      䠩                             - .CMD
      ଠ⮢ ⮢                      - .FRM
     ⮢ 室 䠩                    - .TXT
      䠩                             - .NDX
     ଠ 䠩                             - .FMT


     3.1.  



        ᮤঠ     0   65535
ᥩ  .  ୠ      魮  奬
ଠ    .      ᮤঠ    32
ࠧ  ⮢.        㪠뢠
          .       ᮤন
᫥騥 :

             ;
           ⨯    ;
             ;
              .

     3.1.1.   

       10 ᨬ .  䠢⭮-஢ (
稥)  த.    稭  㪢 
稥    । .

    ਬ:

      A
    A123456789
    ABW:GDE
    A:B:W:G:D
    ABWG:         ୮, 稥   ।
    ABW,       ୮,   ⨬

     3.1.2.  

     ⨬ 3 ⨯ : ப ᨬ (''), ᫠
(2  5.18), ᪨  (⨭/).


     3.1.3.  

      ᫮ 権 (ਭ),  室   ࠭
.    ᫮      1    254
権   .         ᥫ     
筠 窠. ᪨  ᥣ ᮤঠ 1 .


     3.2.  ࠭ ᮤন  (.MEM)

       ᪨  䠩   ⨢  ,  
ࠧ   ६  ६ ᥩ.  
६  뢠 ६묨   ࠭祭 ᫮
64.

     祭 ६        ᯮ㥬
,  ..     ᯮ㥬  䠩    
祣 饣  ६묨 䠩  . ६ 
ᯮ  ࠭ ⠭,  १⮢  ᫥,
   ⠭  ப  (  ࠧ  5)    ...   ࠢ
,         ࠧ஢    ६    
  ࠢ   ६  ,  ᠭ  .
        SAVE 㤥 뢠   ⥪騥  ६
     ᪮ 䠩;    RESTORE 㤥  
⭮.


     3.3.  䠩

      䠩  ᮤন  ᫥⥫쭮   
ப  "".         ࠭   ⢮
   ᯮ㥬  ᫥⥫쭮⥩  ,    
  㫨஢  䠩 .

      䠩  ᮧ  ஢   
 । ⥪⮢ /  ࠡ⪨ ⥪⮢,
  ᠬ ""     ᮧ/।
    䠩      MODIFY.  
䠩  稭   DO   ᮤঠ  -
,    ᫥  ,      
(CREATE,  INSERT,  APPEND  (   ))  ॡ
室     짮⥫   ᮤন  
䠩.

       䠩      묨,   ..  
ᮤঠ  DO.""  뢠 ६
  16  䠩.  ⥫쭮,  ᫨ 䠩  ᯮ,  
⮫쪮  15 䠩    묨.    
⠪  ᯮ  ࠡ稥 䠩 (ਬ SORT ᯮ  2
⥫  䠩;  REPORT, INSERT, COPY, SAVE, RESTORE 
PACK ᯮ  1 ⥫ 䠩).    ⭮,  ᫨
 SORT ᯮ   ஢  , 
⮫쪮 13 ஢  䠩  ᯮ짮 (..
ᯮ㥬  䠩,  2  SORT-ࠡ  䠩    13  
䠩   =   16).   直  ࠧ,     䠩  뤠
 RETURN  砥  䠩,   䠩
뢠     ।⠢  㣨 .


     3.4.  ଠ⮢ ⮢ (.FRM)

       REPORT        䠩   ⮢   
ᯮ  騩    䠩   ⮢.       ⮢
ᮤন   樨       ⮢    ,
,  ⮣  蠯  ᮤন  ⮫殢.   
⮢    ""  ६      
.       ஢  ।ࠬ  ⥪⮢,
 筮  ।    ᭮.


     3.5. 室 ⥪⮢ 䠩 (.)

     室 ⥪⮢ 䠩 ᮧ,     㪠뢠
  "SET ALTERNATE TO < 䠩>"  "SET ALTERNATE ON".
஡ ᠭ   SET.     COPY    APPEND
। ⥪⮢ (.) 䠩,  ᫨ ᯮ  
SDF  (STANDARD  DATA FORMAT -⠭ ଠ  )  
DELIMITED.


     3.6.  䠩 (.NDX)

      䠩   INDEX.   ᮤ-
   㪠⥫   䠩 .  ஢ 
"" -  孨,   ன 樨
   . . ᠭ  INDEX.


     3.7. ଠ 䠩 (.FMT)

     ଠ 䠩 ᮤঠ ⮫쪮 "@"-⢥ত    "*"-
ਨ.      "SET  FORMAT  TO
<  >"  ⨢ ᫥騬    READ.
    䠩  (  宦      ଠ
䠩),  ଠ 䠩  ᮧ  ஢
 ஬ ࠡ⪨ ⥪⮢  ﬨ 
MODIFY.   ଠ   䠩,    ,        易⥫.
     ⢥ত "@"    "*"  筮 ࠨ  
䠩.

     4.   ࠦ

     ࠦ    "" -  㯯   ⮢  
஢,     ନ஢ 
⮣ 祭.  ਬ,  "2+2"  ࠦ,  ஥
  祭 "4".  ࠦ  易⥫쭮   ᫮
  த.  ࠦ  ''+''   祭  'ᤥ'
(⪠⥭  ப),    ࠦ 1>2    ᪮
(㫥) 祭 "F" (FALSE - ).

     ࠦ  ""   ᫥ :

     ६ ;
     ६ ;
     ⠭   (ࠫ);
     㭪樨;
     樨.

     ६      ""  -          ,
祭  ண   .        ⥪饩
  䠩    ६묨.  ᮤঠ
  , ।  㪠⥫ 䠩    ।
⥪   .  ६  ⠪ ᮧ    
 STORE,  RESTORE,  COUNT,  SUM, WAIT, ACCEPT, INPUT.
 ६ 뢠 ६묨 .

     ६    ⨯:

       ;
       ᫮;
       ᪨.

     ⠭ ( ࠫ)     ,   
  ਠ⭮,  ᠬ। 祭. ਬ  1,
''  ..  ⠭, 騥 ﭭ 祭.

        ⠭          
窨  ('),    窨 (")      ᪮
([,]).   ᫨  筠  ⠭  ᮤন      ⠪
࠭⥫,                  㣨
࠭⥫ﬨ: '褥飭'.      ᪨       ⠭
(TRUE/FALSE -⨭/)  ।⠢   "","Y" (
ᯮ짮 쪨 㪢)  ⨭ (TRUE, YES - -
, )  "F", "N" ( ᯮ짮 쪨 㪢) 
 (FALSE, NO - , ).


     4.1. 㭪樨

     㭪樨       ᮡ   樨,        
ᯮ짮   ࠦ  砥,   㤭   
    ᤥ  ॣ ࠦ.    ""
   ᭮ ⨯ 㭪権: ᫮, ᨬ 
᪨.    㭪樨 ᭮  ⨯  祭,  ஥
 㭪.

     4.1.1. ᫥ 㭪:

     INT< >)

       㭪  ᫮ ࠦ   뢠
஡ , ⮡  楫 ᫮.

     ਬ:

 . ? INT(123.456)
 123
 . STORE 123.456 TO X
 123.456
 . ? INT(X)
 123


     4.1.2. 㭪  :

 #

     祭   楫  ᫮,   ᮮ⢥饥  
⥪饩 .

 ਬ:

 . ? #
 4    (।,  ᯮ㥬   樮஢ 
       ⢥⮩ )
 . SKIP
 . ? #
 5

     4.1.3. 筠 㭪:

     STR(< >,<>,[<>])

      㭪   ᫮  ࠦ     砥
ப ᨬ,     <>.  <>  
᫮   ᫥ 筮 窨.   ࠭   
ࠫ,  ६묨   ࠦﬨ.  ᫨   㭪
ᯮ  ᫥   ஢,   
࠭   ࠫ.

       ਬ:

 . ? STR(123.456,9,3)
 123.456


     4.1.4. 㭪 ப:

     $(<. >,<>,<>)

       㭪 ନ ᨬ  ப    㪠
   㣮  ப.   祭  㭪樨  ப   
ᨬ쭠  ப  <>,    ᨬ  
ᨬ᪮ ࠦ 稭  ᨬ  ஬ <>
   <>  ᨬ.   <>    <>     
ࠫ, ६묨  ࠦﬨ.

     ᫨ <>  祬 <.  >   ᫨
<.  >  砥    <>+<>,   
१⮬    ⮫쪮    ᨬ,    .  .
ਬ.  ᫨  㭪 ᯮ  祭   
஢,  ᯥ䨪   ࠫ.

     4.1.5. 㭪 ॢ ப  ᫮:

     VAL(<. >)

       㭪 ନ 楫 ᫮  ᨬ쭮 ப.
 楫 ࠢ  ᨬ  ப.   ᫨  ᨬ쭠
ப  稭    ஢  ᨬ      ᮤন
஢  ᨬ,   砥 㭪樥   VAL   祭
㤥 ࠢ ।騬 ஢ ᨬ.

     㣮   ८ࠧ ஢ ᨬ    -
ᯮ짮 "&" (.  ࠧ 5.0  ப).  "&"  㤥
஢  ப  ᫮  (    ),
᫨ 砥 ⠭.

     4.1.6. 㭪 :

     LEN(<. >)

     頥  楫,   ࠢ    ᨬ  ᨬ쭮
ப.

     4.1.7. 㭪 㤠 :

     *

      ᪠ 㭪,    祭  .TRUE.,
᫨ ⥪  祭  㤠,  - .FALSE..

     4.1.8. 㭪  䠩:

     EOF

      ᪠ 㭪,  祭  .TRUE.,  ᫨
⨣  ᯮ㥬 䠩  (⥪    㤥
᫥   ).

     4.1.9. 㭪 ᪠ ப:

 @(<. 1>,<. 2>)

      㭪  楫 ᫮,   祭  ண  
᫮  ᨬ    <.  2>,  ᮢ    <.
1>.  ᫨ 1  ᮤন  2,  㭪 @
   0.   㭪  @      ப  $   
᪫祭 ⮣,   ᮮ頥,   ࢠ  ப  뫠
   ன ப,    뢠 " 1 
2".

     4.1.10. 㭪 쪨 ᨬ:

     !(< >)

      㭪    ப,   ⮫쪮   쪨
㪢 ॢ  訥.

     4.1.11. 㭪 ॢ ᫠  ᨬ:

     CHR(<. >)

        㭪     -7-      ᫮
ࠦ    ,   짮⥫    ᫠
ࠢ騥 ᨬ  ன⢮,  ᥣ ਭ.

     4.1.12. 㭪 :

     DATE()

         ᨬ ப,  ᮤঠ    
ଠ //.    ᥣ 8.   ᪮  祣
 ⠢.

     4.1.13. 㭪 䠩:

     FILE(< >)

      ᪠  㭪    祭  .TRUE.,   ᫨
< > ,  .FALSE., ᫨ .

     4.1.14. 㭪 ⨯:


     TYPE(<>)

      㭪  ᨬ ப,  ᮤঠ  ⨯
ࠦ:  'C',  'N'    'L'  - ᨬ쭮,  ᫮  
᪮ ᮮ⢥⢥.



     4.1.15. TRIM-:

     TRIM(<.>)

       㭪  㡨ࠥ  ஡      .   筮
""    ஡     ६,   ⮡
 ஡ ࠢ ⮫殢  ࠭.

       ᯮ짮   INDEX, ..  
  ᫨  "".

     4.2. 樨

      4 ᭮  ⨯  権:   䬥᪨,
ࠢ,  ᪨  .  ᫥ 樨
 ਬ.

     室 ,        ࠭
   ⨯.

     4.2.1. 䬥᪨ :

       +  ᫮
       -  ⠭
       *  㬭
       /  
       ()  ᪮  㯯஢

     4.2.2. 樨 ࠢ:

     <  
     >  
     =  ࠢ
     ^   ࠢ
     <=   ࠢ
     >=   ࠢ
     $   ப (ᮤন  ப  㣮
        ப)

     4.2.3. ᪨ :

     .OR.  
     .AND. 
     .NOT.  (㭠 )

     4.2.4. ப :

     +  ⥭
     -  ⥭  㭨⮦ ஡   몠

     4.2.5. 冷 믮

       ਢ  ⠡  㪠  冷  믮
஢    ᮢ.  १    ਢ  冷
믮  .


 ------------------------------------------------------------
 !                      !                     !             !
 !    䬥᪨    !      ப      ! ᪨  !
 !                      !                     !             !
 !----------------------------------------------------------!
 !                      !                     !             !
 ! 1) ᪮, 㭪樨   !  ᪮, 㭪樨    !   .NOT.     !
 !                      !                     !             !
 ! 2) 㭠 +, -      !  ⭮襭, $(...)  !   .AND.     !
 !                      !                     !             !
 ! 3) *, /              !  +, - (⥭樨)!   .OR.      !
 !                      !                     !             !
 ! 4) +, -              !                     !             !
 !                      !                     !             !
 ! 5) ⭮襭         !                     !             !
 ------------------------------------------------------------
